{"id":3179,"date":"2025-06-10T17:25:25","date_gmt":"2025-06-10T14:25:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/?p=3179"},"modified":"2026-03-22T18:59:16","modified_gmt":"2026-03-22T16:59:16","slug":"anti-gad-antisomata","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/anti-gad-antisomata\/","title":{"rendered":"Anti-GAD \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1: \u0395\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03a4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, LADA &#038; \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- ==================== ANTI-GAD | FULL MEDICALTEST \/ AUTOANTIBODY GUIDE | WORDPRESS CLASSIC EDITOR ==================== --><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"font-size: 44px; line-height: 1.15; font-weight: 800; margin: 0 0 14px; color: #111827;\">Anti-GAD \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1: \u03a4\u03b9 \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9, \u03a0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u0396\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03a4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, LADA, \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1 &amp; \u039d\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h1>\n<div style=\"margin: 10px 0 12px; font-size: 13px; color: #6b7280;\">\u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7: <time datetime=\"2025-06-10\">10 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2025<\/time> \u2022 \u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: <time datetime=\"2026-03-22\">22 \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2026<\/time><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 anti-GAD, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1, \u03c4\u03b7 LADA, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9.<\/div>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #b70000; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin: 14px 0 18px; line-height: 1.7; color: #111827;\"><strong>\u03a4\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5:<\/strong> \u03a4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 LADA. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf Stiff-Person.<\/div>\n<p><!-- TOC --><\/p>\n<nav id=\"toc\" style=\"margin: 20px 0; padding: 16px; background: #f9fafb; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; border-radius: 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 18px; font-weight: 800; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #111827;\">\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1<\/div>\n<ol style=\"margin: 0; padding-left: 18px; line-height: 1.9;\">\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#section1\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#section2\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 anti-GAD<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#section3\">\u03a0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#section4\">Anti-GAD \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#section5\">Anti-GAD \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 LADA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#section6\">Anti-GAD \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#section7\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#section8\">\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#section9\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#section10\">\u03a4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#section11\">Anti-GAD65, GAD67 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#section12\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#section13\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#section14\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#section15\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#section16\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#section17\">\u039a\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03a1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd &amp; \u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/nav>\n<hr style=\"border: none; border-top: 2px solid #d1d5db; margin: 18px 0 24px;\" \/>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 1 ==================== --><\/p>\n<section id=\"section1\" style=\"margin: 14px 0 24px;\">\n<h2 style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.08);\"><span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">1<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03cd\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 glutamic acid decarboxylase, \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c9\u03c2 GAD. \u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u00ab\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u00bb \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u0390\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b6\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf GAD \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 GABA, \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1, \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2-\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac anti-GAD, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1: \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1; \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u00ab\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u00bb \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 LADA, \u03c4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf Stiff-Person, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc anti-GAD \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 anti-GAD \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 GAD65. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae. \u0386\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf anti-GAD65, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #b70000; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin-top: 10px; line-height: 1.7; color: #111827;\"><strong>\u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2:<\/strong> \u0398\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc anti-GAD \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7, HbA1c, C-peptide \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 2 ==================== --><\/p>\n<section id=\"section2\" style=\"margin: 14px 0 24px;\">\n<h2 style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.08);\"><span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">2<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 anti-GAD<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 anti-GAD \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf GAD. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2-\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc anti-GAD \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1 \u03ae LADA \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ae\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 LADA. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc anti-GAD \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u00ab\u03b2\u03b3\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u00bb. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03b6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf C-peptide, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 IA-2 \u03ae ZnT8.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf anti-GAD \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u00ab\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u00bb, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u00ab\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u00bb.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\n<li>\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 <strong>\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 <strong>LADA<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u00ab\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2\u00bb \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 <strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #b70000; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin-top: 12px; line-height: 1.7; color: #111827;\"><strong>\u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong> \u0397 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u00ab\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc;\u00bb, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u00ab\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2;\u00bb.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 3 ==================== --><\/p>\n<section id=\"section3\" style=\"margin: 14px 0 24px;\">\n<h2 style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.08);\"><span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">3<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 anti-GAD \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 screening \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03af, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c6\u03b7\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03b4\u03af\u03c8\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 anti-GAD \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2-\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 LADA.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf anti-GAD \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. \u03a4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c0\u03ce\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1 Hashimoto, \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03ae \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 anti-GAD, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 LADA.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\n<li>\u039d\u03b5\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03af, \u03ad\u03c6\u03b7\u03b2\u03bf \u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1.<\/li>\n<li>\u0395\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 LADA \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 30 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/li>\n<li>\u0391\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af.<\/li>\n<li>\u0391\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #2563eb; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin-top: 12px; line-height: 1.7; color: #111827;\"><strong>\u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf:<\/strong> \u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u00ab\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2;\u00bb \u03ae \u00ab\u03bc\u03ae\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 anti-GAD;\u00bb.<\/div>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #b70000; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin-top: 12px; line-height: 1.7; color: #111827;\"><strong>\u03a7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7:<\/strong> \u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf anti-GAD \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7, HbA1c, C-peptide \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 IA-2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 ZnT8, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 4 ==================== --><\/p>\n<section id=\"section4\" style=\"margin: 14px 0 24px;\">\n<h2 style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.08);\"><span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">4<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">Anti-GAD \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2-\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7. \u03a4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf. \u039c\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 IA-2, ZnT8 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 IAA, \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03af\u03c8\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf anti-GAD \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7 HbA1c, \u03c4\u03bf C-peptide, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd C-peptide \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd anti-GAD \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03ae\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u00ab\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2\u00bb \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 LADA \u03ae \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #b70000; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin-top: 12px; line-height: 1.7; color: #111827;\"><strong>\u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf:<\/strong> \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd anti-GAD, HbA1c, \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 C-peptide \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af, \u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 5 ==================== --><\/p>\n<section id=\"section5\" style=\"margin: 14px 0 24px;\">\n<h2 style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.08);\"><span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">5<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">Anti-GAD \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 LADA<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0397 LADA \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf, \u03c4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 LADA: \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bb\u03af\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u039f \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 LADA \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ae\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2-\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b1 \u03b6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1. \u0395\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03ae \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 anti-GAD \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7. \u0395\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf C-peptide, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bb\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b7 LADA \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u038c\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c4\u03bf anti-GAD \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 LADA, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 C-peptide \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf anti-GAD \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf C-peptide \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2. \u039f \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #2563eb; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin-top: 12px; line-height: 1.7; color: #111827;\"><strong>\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 SERP intent:<\/strong> \u0391\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u00ab\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u00bb \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc anti-GAD, \u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 LADA.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 6 ==================== --><\/p>\n<section id=\"section6\" style=\"margin: 14px 0 24px;\">\n<h2 style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.08);\"><span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">6<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">Anti-GAD \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 anti-GAD65, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0397 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf Stiff-Person, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac anti-GAD \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03af\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u2019 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. \u0391\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1, \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 MRI, EEG, \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc anti-GAD \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf Stiff-Person, \u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c0\u03ce\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf anti-GAD \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac, \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 \u00ab\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc anti-GAD\u00bb \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u2019 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9: \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1; \u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf; \u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7; \u039c\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\n<li><strong>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf Stiff-Person:<\/strong> \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong> \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1:<\/strong> \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #b70000; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin-top: 12px; line-height: 1.7; color: #111827;\"><strong>\u039a\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2:<\/strong> \u0398\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc anti-GAD \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 7 ==================== --><\/p>\n<section id=\"section7\" style=\"margin: 14px 0 24px;\">\n<h2 style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.08);\"><span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">7<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03bb \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc anti-GAD \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u00b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 B12 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc anti-GAD \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 Hashimoto \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 LADA \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 anti-GAD. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 anti-GAD \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03b1. \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\n<li>\u0398\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1 Hashimoto<\/li>\n<li>\u039d\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 Graves<\/li>\n<li>\u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u039a\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 14px 0 0; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 TSH, anti-TPO, anti-Tg, \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 B12, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #2563eb; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin-top: 12px; line-height: 1.7; color: #111827;\"><strong>\u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1:<\/strong> \u03a4\u03bf anti-GAD \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u00ab\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u00bb \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c8\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 8 ==================== --><\/p>\n<section id=\"section8\" style=\"margin: 14px 0 24px;\">\n<h2 style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.08);\"><span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">8<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 anti-GAD \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03af\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae, \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1. \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 ELISA, CLIA \u03ae RIA. \u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 cut-offs \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7, \u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 GAD \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c9\u03c2 \u00ab\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u00bb \u03ae \u00ab\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u00bb, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf reference range \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc clinical context. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7, HbA1c, C-peptide \u03ae \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\n<li>\u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1: \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b2\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u03a5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc: \u03bf\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9: ELISA, CLIA, RIA<\/li>\n<li>\u0395\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1: \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1 reference ranges \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #b70000; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin-top: 12px; line-height: 1.7; color: #111827;\"><strong>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2:<\/strong> \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc anti-GAD \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 9 ==================== --><\/p>\n<section id=\"section9\" style=\"margin: 14px 0 24px;\">\n<h2 style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.08);\"><span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">9<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 anti-GAD \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7, C-peptide \u03ae \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03bb. \u0386\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf anti-GAD, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u00ab\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 LADA\u00bb, \u00ab\u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00bb, \u00ab\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u00bb \u03ae \u00ab\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c2 Hashimoto\u00bb \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03af\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd. \u039f \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0391\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 C-peptide, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf panel.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7. \u0399\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 LADA \u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #b70000; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin-top: 10px; line-height: 1.7; color: #111827;\"><strong>\u03a7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1:<\/strong> \u0391\u03bd \u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7, \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7, HbA1c \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 C-peptide, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1.<\/div>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #2563eb; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin-top: 12px; line-height: 1.7; color: #111827;\"><strong>\u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ae:<\/strong> \u039c\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03ae \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u0391\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf anti-GAD \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ae \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 10 ==================== --><\/p>\n<section id=\"section10\" style=\"margin: 14px 0 24px;\">\n<h2 style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.08);\"><span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">10<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd anti-GAD \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bf \u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac cut-offs \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u0386\u03c1\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae: \u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u038c\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc anti-GAD \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7, \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ae \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 LADA, \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd anti-GAD \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 HbA1c \u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf C-peptide. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03af. \u0386\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #2563eb; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin: 12px 0; color: #111827;\">\u2194\ufe0f \u03a3\u03cd\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/div>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; min-width: 640px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 15px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; background: #f9fafb;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; background: #f9fafb;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; background: #f9fafb;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u0391\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u0391\u03b2\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf \u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u0398\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u0388\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1, LADA \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 14px 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9, \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac \u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #b70000; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin-top: 12px; line-height: 1.7; color: #111827;\"><strong>\u03a3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2:<\/strong> \u03a4\u03bf anti-GAD \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u00ab\u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2\u00bb. \u03a7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 11 ==================== --><\/p>\n<section id=\"section11\" style=\"margin: 14px 0 24px;\">\n<h2 style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.08);\"><span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">11<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">Anti-GAD65, GAD67 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 anti-GAD, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03cd\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 GAD65. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 anti-GAD \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 anti-GAD65 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a4\u03bf GAD67 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b1. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03cd\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf GAD65. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf anti-GAD65, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 GAD. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf GAD65 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 anti-GAD \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 GAD65. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03b7 \u00ab\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u00bb \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9-GAD \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0386\u03c1\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 anti-GAD, anti-GAD65 \u03ae GAD antibodies, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 12 ==================== --><\/p>\n<section id=\"section12\" style=\"margin: 14px 0 24px;\">\n<h2 style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.08);\"><span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">12<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0397 anti-GAD \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf panel, \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7, \u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 HbA1c \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ac\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf C-peptide \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 IA-2, ZnT8 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 IAA \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2, \u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 TSH, anti-TPO \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 anti-Tg. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b7 LADA \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. \u0386\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b7 anti-GAD \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf panel \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9. \u0395\u03ba\u03b5\u03af, \u03c4\u03bf anti-GAD \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc MRI, EEG, \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u00ab\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u00bb \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7, LADA \u03ae \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #2563eb; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin: 12px 0; color: #111827;\">\u2194\ufe0f \u03a3\u03cd\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/div>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; min-width: 760px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 15px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; background: #f9fafb;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0395\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; background: #f9fafb;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; background: #f9fafb;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u0393\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u03a4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u0391\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">HbA1c<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u0394\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">C-peptide<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u03a0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2-\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">IA-2, ZnT8, IAA<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u0386\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u03a0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">TSH, anti-TPO, anti-Tg<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">\u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 14px 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, MRI, EEG \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf anti-GAD \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b6\u03bb, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03b6\u03bb \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #b70000; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin-top: 12px; line-height: 1.7; color: #111827;\"><strong>\u03a4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5:<\/strong> \u0397 anti-GAD \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7, HbA1c, C-peptide \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 13 ==================== --><\/p>\n<section id=\"section13\" style=\"margin: 14px 0 24px;\">\n<h2 style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.08);\"><span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">13<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc anti-GAD \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u00ab\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae. \u0391\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 LADA \u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. \u0395\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 C-peptide, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc anti-GAD \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0391\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03af, \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 Stiff-Person, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc anti-GAD \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03be\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7, \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ae \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1: \u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5; \u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2; \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1; \u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1; \u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf anti-GAD \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #b70000; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin-top: 12px; line-height: 1.7; color: #111827;\"><strong>\u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1:<\/strong> \u03a4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc anti-GAD \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 14 ==================== --><\/p>\n<section id=\"section14\" style=\"margin: 14px 0 24px;\">\n<h2 style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.08);\"><span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">14<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u00ab\u03c1\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u00bb \u03c4\u03b1 anti-GAD. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2-\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 HbA1c \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 C-peptide.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf anti-GAD \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u00b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae LADA. \u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 LADA, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 HbA1c, \u03c4\u03bf C-peptide \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 anti-GAD.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1 Hashimoto \u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7, \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf anti-GAD \u03ae \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ac\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\n<li>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 HbA1c \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/li>\n<li>\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 C-peptide \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2-\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/li>\n<li>\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u039c\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd<\/li>\n<li>\u03a4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #2563eb; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin-top: 12px; line-height: 1.7; color: #111827;\"><strong>\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf:<\/strong> \u038c\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 anti-GAD, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 HbA1c, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 C-peptide \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 15 ==================== --><\/p>\n<section id=\"section15\" style=\"margin: 14px 0 24px;\">\n<h2 style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.08);\"><span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">15<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/h2>\n<details style=\"margin-bottom: 14px; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px;\">\n<summary style=\"cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; color: #1d4ed8;\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1;<\/summary>\n<p>\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03cd\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 GAD, \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"margin-bottom: 14px; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px;\">\n<summary style=\"cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; color: #1d4ed8;\">\u03a0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 anti-GAD;<\/summary>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1, LADA \u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"margin-bottom: 14px; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px;\">\n<summary style=\"cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; color: #1d4ed8;\">\u0398\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc anti-GAD \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1;<\/summary>\n<p>\u038c\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"margin-bottom: 14px; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px;\">\n<summary style=\"cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; color: #1d4ed8;\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac anti-GAD \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 anti-GAD65;<\/summary>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf anti-GAD65 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 GAD \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"margin-bottom: 14px; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px;\">\n<summary style=\"cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; color: #1d4ed8;\">\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 LADA \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2;<\/summary>\n<p>\u039d\u03b1\u03b9. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b7 LADA \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"margin-bottom: 14px; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px;\">\n<summary style=\"cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; color: #1d4ed8;\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1;<\/summary>\n<p>\u039d\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf Stiff-Person, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"margin-bottom: 14px; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px;\">\n<summary style=\"cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; color: #1d4ed8;\">\u03a7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 anti-GAD;<\/summary>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9, \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7 \u03ae \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"margin-bottom: 14px; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px;\">\n<summary style=\"cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; color: #1d4ed8;\">\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 anti-GAD;<\/summary>\n<p>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"margin-bottom: 14px; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px;\">\n<summary style=\"cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; color: #1d4ed8;\">Anti-GAD \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 LADA: \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7;<\/summary>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 LADA, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bb\u03af\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"margin-bottom: 14px; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px;\">\n<summary style=\"cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; color: #1d4ed8;\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 anti-GAD;<\/summary>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, HbA1c, C-peptide \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 IA-2 \u03ae ZnT8, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"margin-bottom: 14px; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px;\">\n<summary style=\"cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; color: #1d4ed8;\">\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf anti-GAD \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7;<\/summary>\n<p>\u039d\u03b1\u03b9. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b3\u03b9\u2019 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 16 ==================== --><\/p>\n<section id=\"section16\" style=\"margin: 14px 0 24px;\">\n<h2 style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.08);\"><span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">16<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5<\/span><\/h2>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #b70000; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\"><strong>\u03a4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 LADA.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\"><strong>\u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7, HbA1c, C-peptide, \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\"><strong>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>, \u03c4\u03b1 anti-GAD \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0;\"><strong>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong>, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 17 ==================== --><\/p>\n<section id=\"section17\" style=\"margin: 14px 0 24px;\">\n<h2 style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.08); flex: 0 0 36px;\"><span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">17<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u039a\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03a1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd &amp; \u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 1.8; color: #111827;\">\u0395\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #fdf2f2; border: 2px solid #b70000; border-radius: 14px; padding: 18px; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 22px;\">\n<div><strong>\u039a\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 anti-GAD \u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; gap: 10px; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 10px;\"><a style=\"background: #b70000; color: #fff; padding: 12px 18px; border-radius: 12px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; white-space: nowrap; width: 200px; height: 44px;\" href=\"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/katalogos-eksetaseon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\ud83d\udcd8 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd<\/a><br \/>\n<a style=\"background: #b70000; color: #fff; padding: 12px 18px; border-radius: 12px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; white-space: nowrap; width: 200px; height: 44px;\" href=\"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/about-us\/appointments\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\ud83d\udcc5 \u039a\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03a1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd \u03a4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 10px; color: #374151;\">\ud83d\udcde +30-22310-66841 \u2022 \u0394\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u2013\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae 07:00\u201313:30<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 20px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827; margin: 0 0 12px;\">\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 &amp; \u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2<\/h3>\n<div style=\"border-left: 3px solid #e5e7eb; padding-left: 10px; margin: 6px 0; line-height: 1.35; font-size: 14px;\">American Diabetes Association. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes. <em>Diabetes Care<\/em>.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc24-S002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc24-S002<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"border-left: 3px solid #e5e7eb; padding-left: 10px; margin: 6px 0; line-height: 1.35; font-size: 14px;\">Hawa MI, Kolb H, Schloot N, et al. Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes in Europe is prevalent with a broad clinical phenotype: Action LADA 7. <em>Diabetes Care<\/em>.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc12-0931\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc12-0931<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"border-left: 3px solid #e5e7eb; padding-left: 10px; margin: 6px 0; line-height: 1.35; font-size: 14px;\">Saiz A, Blanco Y, Sabater L, et al. Spectrum of neurological syndromes associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies. <em>Brain<\/em>.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awn183\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awn183<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"border-left: 3px solid #e5e7eb; padding-left: 10px; margin: 6px 0; line-height: 1.35; font-size: 14px;\">Graus F, Titulaer MJ, Balu R, et al. A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. <em>Lancet Neurology<\/em>.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00401-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00401-9<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"border-left: 3px solid #e5e7eb; padding-left: 10px; margin: 6px 0; line-height: 1.35; font-size: 14px;\">Mascaro P, Mascaro A, Masi G, et al. Anti-GAD antibodies and neuropsychiatric disorders: a review. <em>Brain Behav Immun Health<\/em>.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100374\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100374<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"border-left: 3px solid #e5e7eb; padding-left: 10px; margin: 6px 0; line-height: 1.35; font-size: 14px;\"><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u2013 \u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039b\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/katalogos-eksetaseon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/katalogos-eksetaseon\/<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"background: #f1f5f9; border-left: 4px solid #2563eb; padding: 10px 14px; border-radius: 8px; margin-top: 10px;\"><strong style=\"color: #1d4ed8;\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0394\u03c1. \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, \u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2<br \/>\n\u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u039b\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u0388\u03c3\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd 19, \u039b\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 35100<br \/>\n\ud83d\udcde +30-22310-66841 \u2022 \u0394\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u2013\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae 07:00\u201313:30<\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anti-GAD \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1: \u03a4\u03b9 \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9, \u03a0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u0396\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03a4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, LADA, \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1 &amp; \u039d\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7: 10 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2025 \u2022 \u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: 22 \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2026 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 anti-GAD, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1, \u03c4\u03b7 LADA, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":10414,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2534],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3179","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-exetaseis-aimatos"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3179","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3179"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3179\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3182,"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3179\/revisions\/3182"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10414"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3179"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3179"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}