{"id":3093,"date":"2025-06-05T19:58:19","date_gmt":"2025-06-05T16:58:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/?p=3093"},"modified":"2026-01-13T13:12:33","modified_gmt":"2026-01-13T11:12:33","slug":"fosforos-o-vasikos-rythmistis-oston-nefron-kai-metavolismou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/fosforos-o-vasikos-rythmistis-oston-nefron-kai-metavolismou\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 : \u039f \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u039f\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u039d\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013 \u03a0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc Knowledge Hub<\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #6b7280; margin: 6px 0 0;\">\u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7:<br \/>\n<time datetime=\"2026-01-13T00:00:00+02:00\">13 \u0399\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2026<\/time><\/p>\n<p><!-- MINI INFOBOX \u2013 Knowledge Hub style --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f1f5f9; border-left: 4px solid #2563eb; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin: 14px 0 18px;\"><strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc Knowledge Hub.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2.<\/div>\n<p><!-- ==================== TOC ==================== --><\/p>\n<nav id=\"toc\" style=\"background: #f9fafb; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; border-radius: 14px; padding: 14px; margin: 16px 0;\" aria-label=\"\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\"><strong>\ud83d\udcd1 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 18px; line-height: 1.9;\">\n<li><a href=\"#eisagogi\">\u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#katanomi\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#leitourgies\">\u039a\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#energeia\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 (ATP)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#fosforyliosi\">\u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ostikos-kyklos\">\u039f\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u2013\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#angeiaki-asvestopoiisi\">\u0391\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#fosforos-kai-karkinos\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#fosforos-stin-entatiki\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#egkymosyni-paidi\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#athlitiki-apodosi\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ergastiriaki-ermineia\">\u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 Ca, PTH \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kliniki-proseggisi\">\u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#moriakoi-mixanismoi\">\u039c\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#genetika-syndroma\">\u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#diagnostikoi-algorithmi\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03bb\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#klinika-paradeigmata\">\u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#symperasmata\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#erevnitikes-katefthynseis\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#klinikes-pagides\">\u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#praktikos-algorithmos\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#phosphate-load\">\u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#phosphate-additives\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#phosphate-binders\">\u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#phosphate-urine\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#timeline-disorder\">\u03a7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#population-risk\">\u03a0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#phosphate-magnesium\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#phosphate-bone-heart\">\u0386\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u2013\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u2013\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#genetic-phosphate-disorders\">\u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac &amp; \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#phosphate-children-pregnancy\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#advanced-diagnostics\">\u0395\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#phosphate-icu\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u0395\u0398<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#phosphate-cancer\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#future-therapies\">\u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#final-synthesis\">\u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#knowledge-hub-closure\">Knowledge Hub \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cta\">\u0395\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#bibliografia\">\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/nav>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 1 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"eisagogi\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">1<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f <strong>\u03c6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ac\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf.<br \/>\n\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 85% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7<\/strong>, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong>\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong>\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bf \u03c6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b9\u03cc\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1.<br \/>\n\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 <strong>\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf ATP, \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03cd\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 <strong>\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03bb.<br \/>\n\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>,<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>,<br \/>\n<strong>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 <strong>\u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong> \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd Knowledge Hub \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7.<!-- ==================== SECTION 2 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"katanomi\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">2<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1 70 kg \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1<br \/>\n<strong>700\u2013800 g<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong>\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n<strong>\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 14px 0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left; border-bottom: 2px solid #e5e7eb; padding: 6px;\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left; border-bottom: 2px solid #e5e7eb; padding: 6px;\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left; border-bottom: 2px solid #e5e7eb; padding: 6px;\">\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">\u039f\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac &amp; \u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">\u2248 85%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">\u0394\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Ca\u2081\u2080(PO\u2084)\u2086(OH)\u2082)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">\u0395\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">\u2248 14%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">ATP, \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, DNA, RNA, \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">\u0395\u03be\u03c9\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc (\u03bf\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">\u2248 1%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">\u03a1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 pH, \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong> \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u039f\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03af, \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u03a3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd,<br \/>\n\u03bf \u03c6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9,<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03cc.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 3 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"leitourgies\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">3<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u039a\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f \u03c6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf \u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u03a3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 14px 0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left; border-bottom: 2px solid #e5e7eb; padding: 6px;\">\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left; border-bottom: 2px solid #e5e7eb; padding: 6px;\">\u03a1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">\u03a4\u03bf ATP \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf ADP \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">\u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">\u03a4\u03bf DNA \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf RNA \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">\u039a\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">\u0397 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">\u03a1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 pH<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 6px;\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<br \/>\n\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b6\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u2019 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf,<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac <strong>\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 4 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"energeia\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">4<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 (ATP)<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>ATP (\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03bd\u03b7)<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf ATP \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<\/li>\n<li>\u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae ATP \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<br \/>\n\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u03a4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u00ab\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 <strong>\u03bc\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03cc\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1<\/strong>, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae ATP \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 5 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"fosforyliosi\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">5<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u2013 \u03a4\u03bf \u00ab\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7\u00bb \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u0390\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b6\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 <strong>\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd<\/strong> \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 <strong>\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.<br \/>\n\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b7 <strong>\u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong>,<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf,<br \/>\n\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd:<br \/>\n\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u00abON\u00bb \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u00abOFF\u00bb \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf-\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 6 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ostikos-kyklos\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">6<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u039f\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u2013\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u00ab\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u00bb<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5.<br \/>\n\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>85% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 (Ca\u2081\u2080(PO\u2084)\u2086(OH)\u2082)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u03a5\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae <strong>\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u039f\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong> (\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039f\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong> (\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03c6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>PTH<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0392\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>FGF-23<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 <strong>\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 <strong>renal osteodystrophy<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 7 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"angeiaki-asvestopoiisi\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">7<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1.<br \/>\n\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 <strong>\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 <strong>\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03af\u03c7\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 <strong>\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 <strong>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u039f \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 8 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"fosforos-kai-karkinos\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">8<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 <strong>\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 DNA, RNA \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 ATP.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<br \/>\n(\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1)<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u0395\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac <strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03b1\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 9 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"fosforos-stin-entatiki\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">9<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u0397 <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03c3\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 <strong>\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc,<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u0395\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 10 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"egkymosyni-paidi\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">10<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5.<br \/>\n\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9,<br \/>\n\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf,<br \/>\n\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 <strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd <strong>\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 <strong>\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 ALP<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 11 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"athlitiki-apodosi\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">11<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 ATP \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ae\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc,<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 12 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ergastiriaki-ermineia\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">12<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 Ca, PTH \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 <strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf (Ca)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 (PTH)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0392\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039a\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \/ GFR<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u039a\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc Ca + \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc P<\/strong> \u2192 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc Ca + \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc P<\/strong> \u2192 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc Ca + \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc P<\/strong> \u2192 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc P + \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7<\/strong> \u2192 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u039f \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc<br \/>\n\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 13 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kliniki-proseggisi\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">13<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>PTH \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae<\/li>\n<li>\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 14 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"moriakoi-mixanismoi\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">14<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u039c\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd PTH \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bf<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd <strong>Na\u207a\u2013phosphate cotransporters<\/strong> (NaPi).<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>FGF-23<\/li>\n<li>\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 FGF-23<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 <strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 FGF-23<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 <strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 15 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"genetika-syndroma\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">15<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd <strong>\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1.<br \/>\n\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1 (XLH)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf XLH,<br \/>\n\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 <strong>FGF-23<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/li>\n<li>\u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 1,25(OH)\u2082D<\/li>\n<li>\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0386\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 FGF-23.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 16 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"diagnostikoi-algorithmi\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">16<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03bb\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd <strong>\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1)<\/li>\n<li>\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D<\/li>\n<li>FGF-23 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>PTH<\/li>\n<li>\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 17 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"klinika-paradeigmata\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">17<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 1:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0391\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf 6.8 mg\/dL.<br \/>\n\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae PTH.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 2:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u039d\u03b5\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf 1.8 mg\/dL,<br \/>\n\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 3:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0391\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf 7.2 mg\/dL<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1.<br \/>\n\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 18 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"symperasmata\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">18<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u2013 \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af <strong>\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2:<br \/>\n\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc,<br \/>\n\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03c9\u03c2 <strong>\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 19 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"erevnitikes-katefthynseis\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">19<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03c9\u03c2 <strong>\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 FGF-23 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd<\/li>\n<li>\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/li>\n<li>\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 20 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"klinikes-pagides\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">20<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1.<br \/>\n\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\/\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03cc \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd P<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>: \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 24\u201372 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c3\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>: \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf P (\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\/\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2)<\/li>\n<li><strong>CKD<\/strong>: \u00ab\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2\u00bb \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae (FGF-23\/PTH \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- MINI INFOBOX --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #b70000; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin: 12px 0 0;\"><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u039d\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 <strong>\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>, <strong>PTH<\/strong>, <strong>\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/div>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u00ab\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u00bb \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 PTH \u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 eGFR.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 21 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"praktikos-algorithmos\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">21<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2:<br \/>\n<strong>(1) \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03ae \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc;<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>(2) \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac;<\/strong><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; border-radius: 12px; padding: 12px 14px; margin: 12px 0;\">\n<ol style=\"margin: 0 0 0 18px; line-height: 1.9;\">\n<li><strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>: \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7\/\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd (\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/strong>: Ca, Mg, \u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\/eGFR, ALP.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039f\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>: PTH \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 25(OH)D (\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 1,25(OH)\u2082D).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>: \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\/\u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7), \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7\/\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>: \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 CKD\u00b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 D\/\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>: \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\/\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u039f \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u00ab\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u00bb,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 <strong>\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af<\/strong> \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 <strong>\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac<\/strong>, <strong>\u03bc\u03cd\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong>, <strong>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ae <strong>\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 22 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"phosphate-load\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">22<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae<br \/>\n\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 100%,<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u00ab\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd\u00bb \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c8\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 cola<\/li>\n<li>\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 23 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"phosphate-additives\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">23<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd: \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 <strong>\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong> (phosphate additives)<br \/>\n\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c6\u03ae, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1.<br \/>\n\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #b70000; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin: 12px 0;\"><strong>\u03a4\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u039f \u00ab\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2\u00bb \u03c6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c3\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\/\u03be\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2)<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 <strong>\u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 (phytate)<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf.<\/div>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5<br \/>\n<strong>\u03a7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u039d\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039d\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf<\/strong>),<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u00ab\u03c4\u03c5\u03c6\u03bb\u03ae\u00bb \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03ae<br \/>\n\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 24 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"phosphate-binders\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">24<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac: \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 <strong>\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/strong><br \/>\n(phosphate binders)<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03cc<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<br \/>\n\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03a7\u039d\u039d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03b1<\/strong> (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong> (\u03c3\u03b5\u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7, \u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039d\u03b5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1<\/strong> (\u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 Ca \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 P<\/li>\n<li>\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af<br \/>\n\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 25 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"phosphate-urine\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">25<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7\/\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> \u2192 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> \u2192 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 (PTH, FGF-23, \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03c2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u2192 \u03a7\u039d\u039d \u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u2192 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n<strong>fractional excretion of phosphate (FE<sub>P<\/sub>)<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 26 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"timeline-disorder\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">26<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ae <strong>\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u039f\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7, DKA \u03ae \u03c3\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7)<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 ATP<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u03a7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a7\u039d\u039d,<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>,<br \/>\n<strong>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1<\/strong> \u03ae<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 27 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"population-risk\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">27<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 <strong>\u03a7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u039d\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039d\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 <strong>\u039c\u0395\u0398<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 <strong>\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ae\u03c0\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 28 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"phosphate-magnesium\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">28<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf (Mg)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf (K)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf <strong>\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 ATP.<br \/>\n\u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 Mg,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf ATP \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf <strong>\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u0393\u03b9\u2019 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae DKA<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd:<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 29 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"phosphate-bone-heart\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">29<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u039f \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u2013 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u2013 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<br \/>\n\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd <strong>\u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u2013 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u2013 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<br \/>\n\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af <strong>\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03ae \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9,<br \/>\n\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af<br \/>\n<strong>\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 30 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"genetic-phosphate-disorders\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">30<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 FGF-23<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2:<br \/>\n\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae FGF-23 \u2192<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D \u2192<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u2192<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1, \u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd TIO,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd FGF-23<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 31 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"phosphate-children-pregnancy\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">31<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5,<br \/>\n\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u03a3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ae\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 &lt;2 mg\/dL<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 32 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"advanced-diagnostics\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">32<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u0395\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>FEP (Fractional Excretion of Phosphate)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>TmP\/GFR<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>1,25(OH)\u2082D<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>FGF-23<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf <strong>TmP\/GFR<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf.<br \/>\n\u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc TmP\/GFR<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc P<br \/>\n\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 XLH \u03ae TIO.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9-FGF23 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 33 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"phosphate-icu\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">33<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u039c\u0395\u0398,<br \/>\n\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n<strong>\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c5\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03b3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 34 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"phosphate-cancer\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">34<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.<br \/>\n\u03a4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1<br \/>\n<strong>ATP<\/strong>,<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03b1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u2019 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1)<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd<br \/>\nFGF-23<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 35 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"future-therapies\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">35<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1<br \/>\n<strong>FGF-23 \u2013 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D \u2013 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u2013 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5<br \/>\n\u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0389\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 FGF-23<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u03c0.\u03c7. burosumab)<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a7\u039d\u039d,<br \/>\n\u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 FGF-23<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u00ab\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u00bb<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 36 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"final-synthesis\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">36<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u2013 \u039f \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac,<br \/>\n\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u03a1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03af \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 37 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"knowledge-hub-closure\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">37<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">Knowledge Hub \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd Knowledge Hub<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af<br \/>\n<strong>\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc,<br \/>\n\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03cc,<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af<br \/>\n\u03c9\u03c2<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2.<!-- ==================== MEDICAL INTERPRETATION CTA ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"cta\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">38<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u0395\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0395\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u039f \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b7 PTH, \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #fdf2f2; border: 2px solid #b70000; border-radius: 14px; padding: 18px; text-align: center;\">\n<div><strong>\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; gap: 10px; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 10px;\"><a style=\"background: #b70000; color: #fff; padding: 12px 18px; border-radius: 12px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600;\" href=\"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/katalogos-eksetaseon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\ud83d\udcd8 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd<\/a><br \/>\n<a style=\"background: #b70000; color: #fff; padding: 12px 18px; border-radius: 12px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600;\" href=\"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/about-us\/appointments\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\ud83d\udcc5 \u039a\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03a1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd \u03a4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 10px; color: #374151;\">\ud83d\udcde +30-22310-66841 \u2022 \u0394\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u2013\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae 07:00\u201313:30<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- ==================== BIBLIOGRAPHY ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"bibliografia\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">39<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/h2>\n<div style=\"border-left: 3px solid #e5e7eb; padding-left: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 14px;\">1. Guyton &amp; Hall. <em>Textbook of Medical Physiology<\/em>. Elsevier, 14th Edition.<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/katalogos-eksetaseon\/<\/div>\n<div style=\"border-left: 3px solid #e5e7eb; padding-left: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 14px;\">2. Ketteler M et al. <em>Management of hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease<\/em>. Kidney International.<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.kidney-international.org<\/div>\n<div style=\"border-left: 3px solid #e5e7eb; padding-left: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 14px;\">3. Felsenfeld AJ, Levine BS. <em>Disorders of phosphorus metabolism<\/em>. Seminars in Nephrology.<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com<\/div>\n<div style=\"border-left: 3px solid #e5e7eb; padding-left: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 14px;\">4. National Kidney Foundation. <em>Phosphorus and Kidney Disease<\/em>.<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.kidney.org<\/div>\n<div style=\"border-left: 3px solid #e5e7eb; padding-left: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 14px;\">5. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. <em>Phosphorus, Serum<\/em>.<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/news.mayocliniclabs.com<\/div>\n<div style=\"border-left: 3px solid #e5e7eb; padding-left: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 14px;\">6. Institute of Medicine. <em>Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium<\/em>. National Academies Press.<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/nap.nationalacademies.org<\/div>\n<p><!-- ==================== EDITORIAL ==================== --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f1f5f9; border-left: 4px solid #2563eb; padding: 10px 14px; border-radius: 8px; margin-top: 14px;\"><strong style=\"color: #1d4ed8;\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0394\u03c1. \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, \u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2<br \/>\n\u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u039b\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u0388\u03c3\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd 19, \u039b\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 35100<br \/>\n\ud83d\udcde +30-22310-66841 \u2022 \u0394\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u2013\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae 07:00\u201313:30<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013 \u03a0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc Knowledge Hub \u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: 13 \u0399\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2026 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc Knowledge Hub. \u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 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