{"id":3069,"date":"2025-06-05T16:34:24","date_gmt":"2025-06-05T13:34:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/?p=3069"},"modified":"2026-01-24T16:50:55","modified_gmt":"2026-01-24T14:50:55","slug":"asvestio-o-siopilos-fylakas-tis-ygeias-mas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/asvestio-o-siopilos-fylakas-tis-ygeias-mas\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0391\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf (Calcium): \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u039f\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- ==================== H1 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"font-size: 30px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 1.25; margin: 18px 0 10px;\">\u0391\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf (Calcium): \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u039f\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #6b7280; margin: 6px 0 14px;\">\u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: <time datetime=\"2026-01-24\">24 \u0399\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2026<\/time><\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== MINI INFOBOX (SCHOLARLY) ==================== --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #2563eb; border-radius: 10px; padding: 12px 14px; margin: 14px 0 20px;\"><strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf:<\/strong> \u03a4\u03bf <strong>\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf (Ca\u00b2\u207a)<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf \u03b9\u03cc\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u0397 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 <strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd (PTH)<\/strong>, <strong>\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D<\/strong>, <strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong>, <strong>\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong>. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 <em>Knowledge Hub<\/em> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1.<\/div>\n<p><!-- ==================== TOC ==================== --><\/p>\n<nav id=\"toc\" style=\"background: #f9fafb; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; border-radius: 14px; padding: 16px 18px; margin: 22px 0;\" aria-label=\"\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\"><strong>\ud83d\udcd1 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 18px; line-height: 1.9;\">\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec1\">\u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec2\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec3\">\u039c\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec4\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 (PTH)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec5\">\u03a1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec6\">\u039d\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec7\">\u0395\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec8\">\u039f\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec9\">\u03a1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 Ca\u00b2\u207a \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec10\">\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec11\">\u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec12\">\u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec13\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1: \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec14\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1: \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec15\">\u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec16\">\u0395\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec17\">\u03a6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec18\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec19\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03bb\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 Ca\u2013PTH<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec20\">\u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec21\">\u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec22\">\u0395\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd &amp; \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: #dc2626; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#sec23\">\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/nav>\n<hr style=\"border: 0; border-top: 2px solid #d1d5db; margin: 14px 0;\" \/>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 1 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec1\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">1<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf <strong>\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf (Ca)<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ac\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c4\u03c4\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf: \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 <strong>\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c9\u03c2 <strong>\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03cc\u03bd,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c9\u03c2 <em>\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/em> \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c5\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>,<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>,<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 (PTH) \u2013 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D \u2013 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 2 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec2\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">2<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf <strong>99% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 <strong>\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae <strong>\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7<\/strong><br \/>\n[Ca<sub>10<\/sub>(PO<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>6<\/sub>(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>].<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 <strong>\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Ca<sup>2+<\/sup><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf <strong>~1%<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0395\u03be\u03c9\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc,<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf <em>\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf<\/em> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0395\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ac \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd (Ca-ATPase),<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd<br \/>\n(\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bf).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 <strong>\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae<\/strong> \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7.<br \/>\n\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 <strong>\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 <strong>\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>,<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ae <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 3 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec3\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">3<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u039c\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 <strong>\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0399\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> (\u224845\u201350%)<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf <em>\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc<\/em> \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf (\u224840\u201345%)<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 <strong>\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae,<br \/>\n\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 (\u22485\u201310%)<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03ba\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 pH.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf <strong>\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n<strong>pH<\/strong>, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong>\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong>\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <em>\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/em> \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\/\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ae <strong>\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup><\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 4 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec4\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">4<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 (PTH)<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 <strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n<strong>calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 (PTH)<\/strong> \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1-\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u039f\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ad\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 RANKL.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039d\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03cc:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2191 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c0\u03c9 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u2193 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0388\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf (\u03ad\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1):<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 PTH \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae 1\u03b1-\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n<strong>1,25(OH)<sub>2<\/sub> \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D (\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2)<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D.<\/p>\n<p>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 PTH<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ae <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 5 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec5\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">5<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 <strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03af<\/strong> \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup><\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0395\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 ~60\u201365% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>,<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cd\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03b3\u03ba\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Henle (\u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2):<\/strong><br \/>\n~20\u201325% \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0386\u03c0\u03c9 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 ~5\u201310%,<br \/>\n\u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 (PTH)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>PTH<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup><br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c0\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 <strong>\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf,<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong>1\u03b1-\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 25(OH)D<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae <strong>1,25(OH)<sub>2<\/sub> \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D (\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7)<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 <strong>\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03a7\u039d\u039d)<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2193 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u2193 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/li>\n<li>\u2191 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong><br \/>\n(CKD\u2013MBD),<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 PTH,<br \/>\n\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf eGFR.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 6 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec6\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">6<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u0392\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>.<br \/>\n\u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae,<br \/>\n<strong>1,25(OH)<sub>2<\/sub> \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D (\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7)<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf,<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd <strong>TRPV6<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1,<\/li>\n<li>\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong>calbindin<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u0390\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5,<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>30\u201340%<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf.<br \/>\n\u03a3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <strong>10\u201315%<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 PTH.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae 1\u03b1-\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7.<br \/>\n\u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n<strong>PTH \u2013 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D \u2013 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D,<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd <strong>25(OH) \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ac\u03bb\u03b3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 PTH.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 7 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec7\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">7<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f <strong>\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd <strong>\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae.<br \/>\n\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc, \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 (PTH)<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 Ca\u2013P,<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 <em>\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03c2<\/em> \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1.<br \/>\n\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b7 <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc Ca<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u0399\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 PTH<\/li>\n<li>\u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd PTH,<br \/>\n\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ae \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 8 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec8\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">8<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 pH<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf <strong>\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf (Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>)<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf <strong>pH \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd pH \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup><br \/>\n\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u0390\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 pH<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u2019 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 <strong>\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 Ca \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf Ca<sup>2+<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c3\u03b5 <strong>\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 Ca<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf Ca<sup>2+<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc,<br \/>\n\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2)<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc Ca.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 pH,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 9 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec9\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">9<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1: \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cd\u03b5\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03c5\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u039c\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 PTH<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd PTH)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 Ca<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 PTH<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039f\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac <strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac)<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u03bb\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cc\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 QT \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0397\u039a\u0393<\/li>\n<li>\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c5\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf<br \/>\n<strong>PTH, \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D, \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 10 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec10\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">10<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1: \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>PTH-\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<br \/>\n<em>\u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>PTH-\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 (PTHrP),<br \/>\n\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 D,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03ba\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd <strong>\u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 PTH \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 Ca\u00b2\u207a<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 <strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong> \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <em>PTH-related peptide (PTHrP)<\/em>,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 PTH,<br \/>\n\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u039d\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 insipidus,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c6\u03c5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039a\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf, \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0393\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bd\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1, \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03ac\u03bb\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 QT,<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ca\u00b2\u207a<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af <strong>\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 11 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec11\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">11<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03b1\u03bb\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 Ca\u2013PTH\u2013\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D)<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af <strong>\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd Ca<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<br \/>\n\u039a\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 <strong>\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd PTH<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 Ca<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc <strong>\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 Ca\u00b2\u207a<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 <strong>\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 (PTH)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u03a5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc Ca + \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 PTH<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 <em>\u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc Ca + \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae PTH<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 <em>PTH-\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/em><br \/>\n(\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 D)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc Ca + \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 PTH<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 <em>\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc Ca + \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae PTH<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 <em>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u039f \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong>\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D<\/strong><br \/>\n(25(OH)D) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 PTH \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac,<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/li>\n<li>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7, eGFR)<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd 24\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n<strong>Ca\u2013PTH\u2013\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b5\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 12 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec12\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">12<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u039f \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f <strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup><br \/>\n\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1.<br \/>\n\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf <strong>98\u201399%<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0395\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 Na<sup>+<\/sup> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 H<sub>2<\/sub>O)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03b3\u03ba\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Henle (\u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2):<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0386\u03c0\u03c9 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2, <em>\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7<\/em> \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 (PTH)<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c0\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 <strong>\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf,<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf Ca<sup>2+<\/sup><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03b6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 (1,25-\u03b4\u03b9\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D)<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <em>1\u03b1-\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/em>.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 PTH<\/li>\n<li>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 Ca<sup>2+<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd (CKD\u2013MBD)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 13 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec13\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">13<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u0392\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D: \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 Ca\u00b2\u207a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong>1,25-\u03b4\u03b9\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D (\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0394\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 7-\u03b4\u03b5\u03cb\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c3\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 (D<sub>3<\/sub>)<br \/>\n\u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0397\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 25-\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D (25(OH)D),<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd <em>\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039d\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 1,25(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>D \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 1\u03b1-\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>PTH<\/strong> (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7)<\/li>\n<li>\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7)<\/li>\n<li>\u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf Ca\u00b2\u207a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 <em>TRPV6<\/em>, <em>calbindin<\/em> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <em>PMCA1b<\/em>.<br \/>\n\u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 Ca \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc \u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 PTH<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b7 <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 D<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\nPTH-\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 Ca<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D<br \/>\n(\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 <strong>25(OH)D<\/strong>)<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 14 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec14\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">14<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u039f\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae (bone remodeling)<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u03a3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>5\u201310% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong> \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03b6\u03b5\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u039f\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Ca\u00b2\u207a \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039f\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 <strong>RANK \/ RANKL \/ OPG<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u0397 <strong>PTH<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 <em>\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/em> \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf <strong>\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong> \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 PTH<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 <strong>\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7),<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd Ca \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7<br \/>\n<strong>\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 <strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2,<br \/>\nPINP, \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c3\u03af\u03bd\u03b7<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2:<\/strong><br \/>\nCTX, NTX, \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd <strong>\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 15 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec15\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">15<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u039d\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 <strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03af<\/strong> \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae<\/strong> \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<br \/>\n\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf <strong>98\u201399%<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 Ca\u00b2\u207a<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0395\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 (~65%)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 Henle:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 (~25%)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0386\u03c0\u03c9 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2, \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 (~8\u201310%)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf <strong>\u03ac\u03c0\u03c9 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5,<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 <strong>PTH<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 Ca\u00b2\u207a<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03bf <strong>\u03c6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 PTH \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af <strong>\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 Na\u2013P.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u0397 1\u03b1-\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 25(OH)D<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc 1,25(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>D,<br \/>\n\u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 PTH (\u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7)<\/li>\n<li>\u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/li>\n<li>\u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 Ca\u00b2\u207a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 <strong>\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 Ca,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 16 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec16\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">16<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2: \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 Ca\u00b2\u207a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<br \/>\n\u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <em>\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/em> \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc Ca.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u039c\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 PTH<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 Ca\u00b2\u207a<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1, massive transfusion)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u039f <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 Ca\u00b2\u207a<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae PTH<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1.<br \/>\n\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd <strong>\u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b7 PTH \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03af-\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 Ca,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 PTH<br \/>\n(<em>\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/em>).<br \/>\n\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf Ca \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.<\/p>\n<p>\u0399\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 <strong>\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ca \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd Ca.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 PTH.<br \/>\n\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ca \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Mg.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd<br \/>\n(Ca, \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf Ca, PTH, \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, Mg, 25(OH)D)<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 17 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec17\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">17<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2: PTH-\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 PTH-\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<br \/>\n\u0397 <strong>\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 PTH<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5<br \/>\n<strong>PTH-\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>PTH-\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PTH-\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <em>\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/em> PTH<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 Ca\u00b2\u207a.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0391\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u0391\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 Ca\u00b2\u207a<\/li>\n<li>\u03a6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 PTH-\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 (FHH)<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <em>CaSR<\/em> \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u00abset-point\u00bb \u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ca.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc<br \/>\n\u03ae\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 <strong>\u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PTH-\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <strong>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 PTH<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 PTH-\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 Ca.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 PTHrP, \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc \u03bc\u03c5\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 D:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae 1,25(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>D<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039a\u03bf\u03ba\u03ba\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c6\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae 1\u03b1-\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bb\u03af\u03b8\u03b9\u03bf<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af<br \/>\n\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf <em>\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/em><br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ca.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc Ca, \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 Ca, PTH, PTHrP,<br \/>\n25(OH)D \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 1,25(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>D,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 18 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec18\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">18<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5: \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 Ca<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u039f\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0399\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ae \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd Ca<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b7 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 Ca<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 <strong>\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7<\/strong> \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 <strong>\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 PTH<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2<br \/>\n<strong>\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 PTH:<\/strong><br \/>\nPTH-\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae PTH:<\/strong><br \/>\nPTH-\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf Ca\u2013PTH,<br \/>\n\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u03a6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039c\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 PTH<\/li>\n<li><strong>25(OH)D:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D<\/li>\n<li><strong>1,25(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>D:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 PTH-\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 PTH,<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PTHrP (\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2)<\/li>\n<li>\u0397\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd (\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc \u03bc\u03c5\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1)<\/li>\n<li>\u0391\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 24\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae <strong>\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 19 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec19\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">19<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ca\u00b2\u207a<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03c5\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc<br \/>\n<strong>\u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd Ca.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin-top: 16px;\">\u039d\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03c5\u03ce\u03bd,<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1)<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ce\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cc\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 <strong>Chvostek<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>Trousseau<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b7 <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd<\/li>\n<li>\u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03ae \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"margin-top: 16px;\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h3>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf Ca\u00b2\u207a \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong>\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c5\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 QT,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 QT,<br \/>\n\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 Ca<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin-top: 16px;\">\u039d\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf<\/li>\n<li>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 GFR<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin-top: 16px;\">\u0393\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1<br \/>\n<strong>\u201cstones, bones, abdominal groans and psychic moans\u201d<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03bd\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/li>\n<li>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7, \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c0\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 20 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec20\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">20<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2:<br \/>\n<strong>(\u03b1)<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ca\u00b2\u207a,<br \/>\n<strong>(\u03b2)<\/strong> \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>(\u03b3)<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae Ca \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin-top: 16px;\">\u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0397 <strong>\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf Ca\u00b2\u207a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc Ca.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039f\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li>\n<li>\u0397 <strong>\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Mg<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ca \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"margin-top: 16px;\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u039f\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03c6\u03bb\u03ad\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae \u03ae\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 Ca,<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D<br \/>\n(\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7),<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd,<br \/>\n\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin-top: 16px;\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc<br \/>\n\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0395\u03bd\u03c5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf \u03bf\u03c1\u03cc:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 Ca.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03c5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0394\u03b9\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 <strong>\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc Ca \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin-top: 16px;\">\u0395\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u03a7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae<br \/>\nCa\u2013P\u2013PTH\u2013\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ae<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 Ca<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 Ca<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 21 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec21\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">21<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd,<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.<br \/>\n\u03a4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf Ca \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd\u00bb,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac <strong>\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin-top: 16px;\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1: \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 <strong>\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 Ca<\/strong> \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u00ab\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u00bb \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li>\u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"margin-top: 16px;\">\u0394\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1: \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 PTH<\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 Ca\u2013PTH<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc Ca + \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae PTH:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<br \/>\n(\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D \u03ae \u03a7\u039d\u039d).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc Ca + \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae PTH:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc Ca + \u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 PTH:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc Ca + \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae PTH:<\/strong><br \/>\nPTH-\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n(\u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 D, \u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03ba\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"margin-top: 16px;\">\u03a0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af, \u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2),<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 &gt; 12 mg\/dL<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae Ca<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae \u039c\u0395\u0398.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"margin-top: 16px;\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd Ca<br \/>\n\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 Ca.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 Mg<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1.<\/li>\n<li>\u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf PTH.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae\u03c0\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd Ca,<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"margin-top: 16px;\">\u03a1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd<\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af <strong>\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1,<br \/>\n\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd,<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 22 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec22\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">22<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u0395\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc &amp; \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n(<strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>, <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 <strong>PTH\u2013\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D<\/strong>)<br \/>\n\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af <strong>\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7,<br \/>\n\u03c4\u03bf pH, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1<br \/>\n\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<br \/>\n<strong>\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc<\/strong>,<br \/>\n\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5,<\/li>\n<li>\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd,<\/li>\n<li>\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"background: #fdf2f2; border: 2px solid #b70000; border-radius: 14px; padding: 18px; text-align: center; margin-top: 18px;\">\n<div><strong>\u0395\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; gap: 10px; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 10px;\"><a style=\"background: #b70000; color: #fff; padding: 12px 18px; border-radius: 12px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600;\" href=\"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/katalogos-eksetaseon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\ud83d\udcd8 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd<\/a><br \/>\n<a style=\"background: #b70000; color: #fff; padding: 12px 18px; border-radius: 12px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600;\" href=\"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/about-us\/appointments\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\ud83d\udcc5 \u039a\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03a1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd \u03a4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 10px; color: #374151;\">\ud83d\udcde +30-22310-66841 \u2022 \u0394\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u2013\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae 07:00\u201313:30<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- ==================== SECTION 23 ==================== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sec23\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 26px 0 10px;\"><span style=\"width: 36px; height: 36px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f1f5f9,#9ca3af); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(17,24,39,.18),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.65),inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(17,24,39,.10);\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"transform: rotate(-45deg); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827;\">23<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-weight: 900; color: #111827;\">\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/h2>\n<div style=\"border-left: 3px solid #e5e7eb; padding-left: 10px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px;\">1. Guyton AC, Hall JE. <em>Textbook of Medical Physiology<\/em>. 14th ed. Elsevier; 2020.<\/div>\n<div style=\"border-left: 3px solid #e5e7eb; padding-left: 10px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px;\">2. Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ. <em>Williams Textbook of Endocrinology<\/em>. 14th ed. Elsevier; 2020.<\/div>\n<div style=\"border-left: 3px solid #e5e7eb; padding-left: 10px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px;\">3. Peacock M. Calcium metabolism in health and disease. <em>Clin J Am Soc Nephrol<\/em>. 2010;5(Suppl 1):S23\u2013S30.<\/div>\n<div style=\"border-left: 3px solid #e5e7eb; padding-left: 10px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px;\">4. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. <em>N Engl J Med<\/em>. 2007;357:266\u2013281.<\/div>\n<div style=\"border-left: 3px solid #e5e7eb; padding-left: 10px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px;\"><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u2013 \u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039b\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/katalogos-eksetaseon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/katalogos-eksetaseon\/<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"background: #f1f5f9; border-left: 4px solid #2563eb; padding: 10px 14px; border-radius: 8px; margin-top: 14px;\"><strong style=\"color: #1d4ed8;\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0394\u03c1. \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, \u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2<br \/>\n\u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u039b\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u0388\u03c3\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd 19, \u039b\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 35100<br \/>\n\ud83d\udcde +30-22310-66841 \u2022 \u0394\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u2013\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae 07:00\u201313:30<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0391\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf (Calcium): \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u039f\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: 24 \u0399\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2026 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf: \u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf (Ca\u00b2\u207a) \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf \u03b9\u03cc\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u0397 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd (PTH), \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D, \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 Knowledge Hub [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":9396,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2534],"tags":[202,193,282,506,505,201,357,187,504,503],"class_list":["post-3069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-exetaseis-aimatos","tag-asvestio","tag-vitamini-d","tag-diatrofi","tag-exetasi-asvestiou","tag-metalla","tag-osta","tag-osteoporosi","tag-parathormoni","tag-yperasvestiaimia","tag-ypoasvestiaimia"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3069","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3069"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3069\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9395,"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3069\/revisions\/9395"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3069"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3069"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrobiologikolamia.gr\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3069"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}